New formulations from Acacia nilotica L and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. for oral ulcer remedy

This study addresses the innovation of a stable new pharmaceutical formulation comprising natural botanical extracts of Acacia nilotica L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., which are therapeutically effective in the treatment of oral ulcer and possess high patient acceptability. The pastes are prepared, characterized, and subjected to physical and chemical stability studies and then evaluated for therapeutic efficacy regarding ulcer size. The novel adhesive paste is prepared and when applied to the oral mucosa, it remains on it for a considerable period of time. The stability tests of all the samples in the analysis showed satisfactory physical and chemical stability evaluated by the Normal Stability Test. The muco adhesive paste incorporating the active; A. nilotica L, when applied to oral ulcer, could promote the healing process, leading to a decrease in diameter of the inflammatory halo of the ulcer. However, the effect of liquorice extract on recurrent aphthous ulceration [RAU] was found even better than that of acacia extract. A combination of the two plants presented a synergism of both, leading to better healing with favorable reduction of the diameter of inflammatory halo of the ulcer together with a prolonged action. Therapeutically, effective and stable oral pastes are dispensed with cost-effective benefits

Evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of althaea rosea cultivated in Egypt

The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic content [TPC] and antioxidant potential of Althaea rosea Cav., family Malvaceae, as well as to isolate and identify the flavonoid content of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts. In addition, a comparison between the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract of both aerial parts and flowers was carried out to discover new active constituents that can be utilized in drug industry. The extraction of the flavonoid compounds was carried out by percolation of the dried aerial parts of the plant under investigation with 70% methanol until exhaustion. The combined extract was then concentrated and defatted with petroleum ether [60-80[degree sign] C]. After separation of the lipoidal matter, the remaining extract was purified from mucilage and subjected to several column chromatographic techniques for isolation of the flavonoids. The identification of flavonoid compounds was carried out using physical, chemical, and spectral methods such as ultraviolet, [1]H NMR, and [13]C NMR. The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and flowers was determined using the stable 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity method. Furthermore, their TPC was also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Five flavonoid compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of A. rosea Cav., which were identified as quercetin 3-O-beta-d-glucuronopyranoside-8-C-beta-d-glucopyranoside, kaempherol-3-O-beta-d-rutinoside, kaempherol-4´-O-beta-d-glucoside, kaempherol-3-O-beta-d-glucoside, and kaempherol. The antioxidant activity was measured in terms of their IC[50]. The IC[50] values of the methanolic extracts of the aerial parts and flowers were 11 and 1 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the TPCs were 48 and 73 micro g/ml, respectively. The methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and flowers of A. rosea Cav. are rich in phenolic compounds and have a prominent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of both extracts may be attributed to their phenolic content

Phytochemical and biological studies of butea frondosa roxb. Leaves growing in Egypt

This study aimed to the discovery of new biologically active natural products with hormonelike activity from Butea frondosa Roxb., Family Leguminosae growing in Egypt. The investigation of estrogenlike activity showed that both the successive non-polar and methanolic extracts showed a significant estrogen-like activity in immature female rats. GLC analysis the non-polar bioactive revealed the presence of eicosane [22.5%] and beta -amyrin [20.5%] as the major components in the unsaponifiable matter, while palmitic [24.9%] and linoleic [36.8%] acids were the main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The successive bioactive methanolic extract was subjected to chromatographic separation to yield five flavonoids identified as vicenin II, vitexin, chrysoeriol 7-o- beta -D-glucuronic acid, 6,8-di-C-rhamnosyl apigenin and luteolin

Phytochemical study and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of some medicinal plants growing in Egypt

The anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of five plants abundantly growing in Egypt, namely Ipomoea palmate Forsk. [Convolvulaceae], Alstonia scholaris R.Br. [Apocynaceae], Salix subserrata Willd., Salix tetrasperma Roxb, and Populus nigra Linn. [Salicaceae] has been studied. Phytochemical study on selected bioactive extracts was carried out as well as their possible mechanism of action. The results revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts under investigation to different degrees. A chromatographic study of the bioactive lipoidal extracts of A. scholaris and I. palmate was carried out and the results revealed the presence of unsaturated fatty acids [linoleic and linoleic]. Beta-sitosterol and campesterol were present in A. scholaris and I. palmate, respectively. Chromatographic and spectral investigation of the flavonoids in the bioactive aqueous extract of I. palmate revealed the presence of luteolin, quercetin 7-glycosie and apigenin. The anti-inflammatory activity may be due to the presence of these phytochemical constituents

Phytochemical and biological studies of some polysaccharides isolated from aloe, tamarindus, opuntia and citrus

The aim of this study is the phytochemical and biological evaluation of polysaccharides isolated from some medicinal plants belonging to the Genera Aloe, Tamarindus, Opuntia and Citrus. Antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant of the polysaccharides were studied. Extraction, isolation and identification of the biologically active constituents have been carried out aiming at discovery of new active constituents from botanical origin which can be utilized in drug industry. The Polysaccharides from the plants under investigation were isolated using cold and hot extraction methods then hydrolysed, the polysaccharide hydrolysates were identified by Paper and HPLC chromatographic techniques. The isolated polysaccharides were tested for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and immunomodulating activities. The optimum parameters for the extraction of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of Tamarindus indica Linn. Family Leguminosae were examined by using three factor statistical techniques. Maximum yield of polysaccharides were obtained from Tamarindus indica Linn, seeds [21%], which was increased by varying temperature and time [55%]. The results of the biological activities revealed significant antihyperglycemic, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities with variable degrees. Chromatographic investigation of the polysaccharide hydrolysates revealed the presence of hexoses, pentoses and uronic acids with qualitative and quantitative variations in the chemical composition. Tamarindus indica Linn, seeds had the highest yield of polysaccharide and the highest significant biological activities

Study of polysaccharides isolated from the oleo-gum-resins of boswellia carteri and commi phora myrrha and their immuno- modulatory activity

The present study aims to isolate the polysaccharides of the oleo-gum-resins of Boswellia carteri and Commiphora myrrha Family Burseraceae, identify their components and test their immuno-modulatory activity for the first time. The polysaccharides were isolated from the oleo-gum-resins of Boswellia carteri and Commiphora myrrha using different chemical and chromatographic techniques. The components of the polysaccharide hydrolysates are estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by using PC and HPLC analysis. The immuno-modulatory activity is tested by splenocyte and mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation methods. The percentage yield of the isolated polysaccharide was 15.4% and 15.7% from Boswellia carteri and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resins respectively. Galactose and ribose are the major constituting units of the polysaccharide isolated from Boswellia carteri oleo-gum-resin whereas ribose and galacturonic acid are the major constituting units of the polysaccharide isolated from Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin. The polysaccharide of B. carteri oleo-gum-resin showed mild immuno-stimulatory activity at a dose of 5microg/ml, while that of C. myrrha oleo-gum-resin showed no activity at this dose. Chromatographic investigation of the polysaccharides isolated from Boswellia carteri and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resins by PC and HPLC analysis demonstrated their qualitative and quantitative variation in their chemical composition. Higher concentrations of the polysaccharides could be tested for immuno-modulatory activity

Biochemical, nutritional and pharmacological evaluation of the antiarthritic activity of some Egyptian plants

The antiarthritic activity of some bioactive extracts of fenugreek seeds and Liquorice roots and the whole coriander fruit powder were tested in rats in which adjuvant arthitis was induced in comparison with two synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs. The results of the tested natural agents showed a significant inhibition of the inflammed regions with different degrees. The highest inhibition was due to the petroleum ether extract of fenugreek [67%] followed by the aqueous methanolic extract of liquorice [65%]. Biochemically administration of the natural agents or reference drugs to arthritic rats produced pronounced improvement of the level of certain biochemical parameters reflecting the arthritic state in rate; such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum seromucoids, copper, fibrinogen, albumin and albumin: globulin ratio. Nutritionally arthritic rats lost weight significantly if compared with control normal ones. Administration of urbason retard to arthritic rats produced a significant reduction in body weight and food efficiency ratio if compared to control arthritic, while aqueous methanolic extract of fenugreek produced a significant increase in body weight. No significant changes in total food intake were noticed among the different groups receiving the tested agents

Studies of some biochemical nutritional and anti-inflammatory effects of nigella

The anti-inflammatory effects of the whole powdered seeds of Nigella sativa L. [Family Ranunculaceae] as well as the successive petroleum and alcoholic extracts were tested in experimental rats. The results revealed a remarked anti-inflammatory activity of the tested natural agents. The results revealed that the whole powdered seeds produced a significant reduction of plasma triglycerides, postprandial blood sugar and body weight gain. The alcoholic extract produced a significant decrease of plasma cholesterol and body weight gain, while the petroleum ether extract reduced plasma cholesterol and postprandial blood sugar significantly and produced a significant increase in body weight gain. Concerning liver and kidney function tests, the three tested natural agents showed complete safety. Chemical composition of the most active extract was carried out. The total fatty acids fraction was methylated and analyzed by GLC. The results revealed the presence of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, behenic and arachidic acids with a quantitative variation in the petroleum ether extract, which is safe up to 6 g/kg mice body weight according to the acute toxicity test

Application of guar flour and guaran as stabilizing and thickening agents in ice cream production

Gura gum and guaran prepared from Cyamopsis tetra-gonoloba, Taub. Seeds were used as stabilizers and thickening agent in ice-cream manufacture. The organoleptic and microbiological properties of the products were studied. The results of viscosity and over run tests proved the superiority of the guar and guaran ice cream mixes to the ordinary mixes, [gelatin and starch]